Answer:
Explanation:
The equation is given as:
CH3CHOHC2H4CHO + CH3OH --> CYCLIC ACETAL + H2O
This above equation is carried out in the presence of a strong acid. There are five mechanisms employed and they are:
Step 1:
Initial formation of the hemiacetal which takes several steps
Step 2:
Addition of a proton. The hemicetal is protonated on the hydroxyl group (-OH group)
Step 3:
As seen a bond is broken to give the H2O molecule and a resonance stabilized cation.
The carbonyl group on the cation is enriched with the oxygen-18 got from the H2O molecule as seen in the mechanism.
Step 4:
An attraction occurs between electrophile and nucleophile i.e the stabilised cation and the lone paids of the methanol.
Step 5:
Finally, a proton (+) is removed from the molecule by a lone pair of electron on the methanol.
Attached are the Steps 1 - 5 mechanism below
Answer:
or reactions that are not at equilibrium, we can write a similar expression called the reaction quotient QQQ, which is equal to K_\text cK
c
K, start subscript, start text, c, end text, end subscript at equilibrium.
Explanation:
Well the solvent is the liquid in a solution so your answer would be Solute, D. That is the one that would represent the sugar crystals being evenly mixed into a solution.
The velocity of the gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gass. Heavier molecules tend to travel slow compared to light molecules. Among these, He has the lowest molar mass of 4 g/mol hence this element has the greatest velocity among all molecules given.
Answer:
Explanation:
Percent yield is a ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield. It is found using this formula:
The actual yield is 12 liters, because that was actually produced in the lab.
The theoretical yield is 20 liters, because that was the expected yield.
For this reaction, the percent yield is 60%.
