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3 years ago

How to determine how many valence electrons an element has?

1 answer:

8 0

Usually (ignoring transition metals, as they kinda get trickier), the element's valency can be found out by its group (column) number. Usually, we ignore the transition metal block while counting these columns, so Aluminium is in group 3, for example. Since Aluminium is in group 3, it has 3 valence electrons.

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The oxidation number of hydrogen = +1
The oxidation number of oxygen = -2
The oxidation number of arsenic = +5
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Here, arsenic (+5 to +3) and carbon (+3 to +4) are the only oxidation numbers changing.

Note that an increase in oxidation number means electrons are lost. Thus oxidation is occurring, and a decrease in oxidation number means electrons are being gained, and thus reduction is occurring.

Also, the compound that contains the element being oxidized is the reducing agent, and the compound that contains the element being reduced is the oxidizing agent.

So, the answers are:

name of the element oxidized: Carbon

name of the element reduced: Arsenic

formula of the oxidizing agent: $\text{H}_{3}\text{AsO}_{4}$

formula of the reducing agent: $\text{H}_{2}\text{C}_{2}\text{O}_{4}$

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