Consider the halogenation of ethene is as follows:
CH₂=CH₂(g) + X₂(g) → H₂CX-CH₂X(g)
We can expect that this reaction occurring by breaking of a C=C bond and forming of two C-X bonds.
When bond break it is endothermic and when bond is formed it is exothermic.
So we can calculate the overall enthalpy change as a sum of the required bonds in the products:
Part a)
C=C break = +611 kJ
2 C-F formed = (2 * - 552) = -1104 kJ
Δ H = + 611 - 1104 = - 493 kJ
2C-Cl formed = (2 * -339) = - 678 kJ
ΔH = + 611 - 678 = -67 kJ
2 C-Br formed = (2 * -280) = -560 kJ
ΔH = + 611 - 560 = + 51 kJ
2 C-I Formed = (2 * -209) = -418 kJ
ΔH = + 611 - 418 = + 193 kJ
Part b)
As we can see that the highest exothermic bond formed is C-F bond so from bond energies we can found that addition of fluoride is the most exothermic reaction
Na3P is the formula if that helps
Migratory birds would not be able to utilize any other habitat in their place and a lot of animals wouldn't either so those are some negative impacts hope this helps
Answer:
Substrate:alkyl halide
Leaving group: Cl
Organic product: The nitrile
Inorganic product: Cl-
Nucleophile: CN-
Explanation:
An SN2 reaction is a concerted bimolecular reaction. Concerted means that it involves two reactions taking place at the same time while bimolecular means that the rate determining step involves two molecules. The cyanide ion attacks the alkyl halide from the rear. In the transition state, the leaving group (Cl-) is departing while the nucleophile (CN-) is forming a bond to the alkyl halide simultaneously. The alkyl halide is the substrate in the reaction. The organic product is the nitrile shown in the image attached.
D - matter remains constant in any chemical equation, so reactants always equal products.
10^23 atoms. One mole of each element can produce one mole of compound.