A bond between 2 nonmetal atoms that have the same electronegativity and therefore have equal sharing of the bonding electron pairExample: In H-H each H atom has an electronegativity value of 2.1, therefore the covalent bond between them is considered nonpolar. Nonpolar covalent bonds, with equal sharing of the bond electrons, arise when the electronegativities of the two atoms are equal.
Answer:
Oxygen and sulfur have similar chemical properties because both elements have six electrons in their outermost electron shells. Indeed, both oxygen and sulfur form molecules with two hydrogen atoms: water and hydrogen sulfide
Explanation:
Bonding Continuum<span>. Trends in the Periodic Table and </span>Bonding<span>. Ionic </span>Bonds. Ionic bonds<span> are formed between atoms with a large difference in electronegativities. ... The ionic </span>bond<span> is the electrostatic force of attraction between a positive and negative ion.</span>
First, we have to get:
1- The heat required to increase T of ice from -50 to 0 °C:
according to q formula:
q1 = m*C*ΔT
when m is the mass of ice = mol * molar mass
= 1 mol * 18 mol/g
= 18 g
and C is the specific heat capacity of ice = 2.09 J/g-K
and ΔT change in temperature = 0- (-50) = 50°C
by substitution:
∴q1 = 18 g * 2.09 J/g-K *50°C
= 1881 J = 1.881 KJ
2- the heat required to melt this mass of ice is :
q2 = n*ΔHfus
when n is the number of moles of ice = 1 mol
and ΔHfus = 6.01 KJ/mol
by substitution:
q2 = 1 mol * 6.01 KJ/mol
= 6.01 KJ
3- the heat required to increase the water temperature from 0°C to 60 °C is:
q3 = m*C*ΔT
when m is the mass of water = 18 g
C is the specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 J/g-K
ΔT is the change of Temperature of water = 60°C - 0°C = 60°C
by substitution:
∴q3 = 18 g * 4.18 J/g-K * 60°C
= 4514 J = 4.514 KJ
∴the total change of enthalpy = q1+q2+q3
= 1.881 KJ +6.01 KJ + 4.514 KJ
= 12.405 KJ
