For an exothermic reaction,heat energy is released out.
Enthalpy change = Energy of products - Energy of reactants
Here enthalpy change is negative,as energy of products is less than energy of reactants.
Hence heat is released in exothermic reactions.
And the products have lower potential energy than the reactants, and the enthalpy change is negative.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The number of protons and neutrons of an element is the same. the electrons are the only thing that can differ. The atomic number equal the protons and neutrons.
Answer:
The correct answers are: <u>Each oxygen of carbonate ion has -2/3 or -0.67 charge.</u>
<u>Bond order of each carbon‑oxygen bond in the carbonate ion</u> = <u>1.33</u>
Explanation:
The carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻) is an organic compound, in which a carbon atom is covalently bonded to three oxygen atoms. The net formal charge on a carbonate ion is −2.
The carbonate ion is <u>resonance stabilized</u> and has three equivalent resonating structures, which exhibits that all the three carbon-oxygen bonds in a carbonate ion are equivalent.
In the resonance hybrid of carbonate ion,<u> the negative charge is equally delocalized on all the three oxygen atoms. </u>
<u>Thus, each bonded oxygen has -2/3 or -0.67 charge.</u>
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In a carbonate ion there is one double bond oxygen (C=O) and two single bonded oxygen (C-O). Bond order of 1 C=O is 2 and bond order of C-O is 1.
∴ <u>Bond order</u> = sum of all bond orders ÷ number of bonding groups = (2+1+1) ÷ 3 = <u>1.33</u>
Heat energy can be calculated by using the specific heat of a substance multiplying it to the mass of the sample and the change in temperature. It is expressed as:
<span>Energy = mCΔT
</span><span>Energy = 59.7 (0.231) (100-25)
</span><span>Energy = 1034.30 J</span>
