It's 2) a positively-charged nucleus is surrounded by mostly empty space (aka Rutherford's Model).
Most of the atom's mass is inside the nucleus (which contains protons [+] and neutrons [0 charge]), while the electrons [-] "float" around the nucleus like clouds. This is why it's said that the atom is 'mostly empty space'.
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Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a strong diprotic acid. "Diprotic" means that the acid donates 2 protons when dissociating in water to form ions. This happens in a series of two steps which are described below. The first reaction is basically a complete reaction while the second one is an equilibrium:
H₂SO₄(aq) + H₂O(l) → HSO₄⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)
HSO₄⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ SO₄⁻²(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)
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<u>Answer:</u> The change in temperature is 84.7°C
<u>Explanation:</u>
To calculate the change in temperature, we use the equation:
where,
q = heat absorbed = 1 kCal = 1000 Cal (Conversion factor: 1 kCal = 1000 Cal)
m = mass of steel = 100 g
c = specific heat capacity of steel = 0.118 Cal/g.°C
= change in temperature = ?
Putting values in above equation, we get:
Hence, the change in temperature is 84.7°C
Here we have to get the item which has more thermal energy among the given options.
The item a) will have more thermal energy than b)
The thermal energy of a compound can be determined from the formula H = m×s×t (H = thermal energy, m = mass of the compound, s = specific heat of the compound, t = temperature)
a) Here m = 500 g, s = 1 g/mL and t = 50⁰C (as the density of water is 1 g/mL thus its volume is equivalent to its mass)
Thus the thermal energy H = 500 × 1 × 50 = 25000 Cal (The energy needed to raise 1⁰C temperature of 1g water is calorie unit)
similarly,
b) Here m = 100 g, s = 1 g/mL and t = 50⁰C (as the density of water is 1 g/mL thus its volume is equivalent to its mass)
Thus the thermal energy H = 100 × 1 × 50 = 5000 Cal (The energy needed to raise 1⁰C temperature of 1g water is calorie unit).
Thus option a) i.e. 500 mL of water at 50 degree Celsius will have more thermal energy.
Thus the thermal energy of both the item have calculated and compared.
Answer:
it's easier to lose one electron because it's less work for the atom to do and easier to lose one than gain a whole 7, because the atom wants to gain a full outer shell as soon as possible
