Explanation:
plants > herbivorous insects > predaceous insects > toads.
Answer: If one is constructing a phylogeny of reptiles using DNA sequence data of birds, mammals, amphibians or fish, the suitable outgroup to be used are mammals due to the time of divergence from other group of organisms.
Explanation: Phylogeny is used to determine evolutionary relationship between items or organisms. A phylogenetic tree is a graphical illustration of phylogenetic relationship. In phylogeny, an outgroup represent an organism that is more distantly related to other group of organisms.
In a phylogenetic tree, outgroup stands alone. It shows that the time of divergence of that particular organism is far from other group of organisms. Outgroup is used to root a tree and sometimes represent a group that is more ancestral on a tree.
It should be noted that differences in the DNA sequences of the organisms under consideration will determine which organism will serve as the outgroup.
Answer:
A. Lancelet
B. All chordates
Explanation:
A. Dorsal nerve chord is the only <u>unique feature</u> among all members of <u>phylum chordata</u> (mainly found in subphylum Vertebrata). In the given list, only lacelet is the Chordate whereas <u>snail belongs to phylum Mollusca</u>, <u>grasshopper belongs to Arthropda</u>, and <u>jellyfish belongs to Cnidaria</u>. Dorsal nerve cord runs along the length of organism's body.
B. <u>Gill slits</u> are <u>opening structures</u> to gills through which water passes from pharynx/throat to exterior. Their main purpose is to help filter the food particles available in surrounding water. Although they are typical for amphibians and fishes, chordates also possess gill slits at embryonic stages.
Will occur spontaneously without the need of an activator because they have a great internal energy
Answer:
Active transport
Explanation:
The molecules are moving from a low concentration to a high concentration across a cell membrane via a protein. ATP is used in this reaction.
We know it cannot be diffusion, facilitated diffusion, passive transport, or osmosis, because these are all passive processes. In the picture, the molecules are moving against their concentration gradient and uses energy.
It cannot be endocytosis or exocytosis, as there are no vesicles.
Active transport is the movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient. ATP is used to supply the energy for this process.