Answer:
Cl
Explanation:
The element Cl will have the strongest ionization energy from the given choices. Most non-metals have higher ionization energy compared to metals.
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove the most loosely held electron from the gaseous phase of an atom.
- As you go from left to right on the periodic table, it increases progressive
- From top to bottom, the ionization energy reduces significantly.
- The attractive force between the protons in the nucleus and the electrons plays a very important role.
- In metals, they have very large atomic radius, the attractive force on the outer electrons is very weak.
- This is not the case in non-metals
The nitrite ion has one less oxygen than the nitrate ion. Nitrate is NO3-1 while the nitrite ion is NO2-.
One of the best buffer choice for pH = 8.0 is Tris with Ka value of 6.3 x 10^-9.
To support this answer, we first calculate for the pKa value as the negative logarithm of the Ka value:
pKa = -log Ka
For Tris, which is an abbreviation for 2-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3 -diol and has a Ka value of 6.3 x 10^-9, the pKa is
pKa = -log Ka
= -log (6.3x10^-9)
= 8.2
We know that buffers work best when pH is equal to pKa:
pKa = 8.2 = pH
Therefore Tris would be a best buffer at pH = 8.0.
Most animals obtain their nutrients by the consumption of other organisms. At the cellular level, the biological molecules necessary for animal function are amino acids, lipid molecules, nucleotides, and simple sugars. However, the food consumed consists of protein, fat, and complex carbohydrates.
The particles cannot move around at all. The particles are, however, still in motion.
