When cloning by restriction digest and ligation, you use restriction enzymes to cut open a plasmid (backbone) and insert a linear fragment of DNA (insert) that has been cut by compatible restriction enzymes. An enzyme, DNA ligase, then covalently binds the plasmid to the new fragment thereby generating a complete, circular plasmid that can be easily maintained in a variety of biological systems. Read on for an in-depth breakdown of how to do perform restriction digests.
The pollution from the Industrial Revolution darkening the trees. After the trees darkened from all the soot in the air, the white moths were easier to see and more vulnerable to predators. The dark moths blended into the dark tree bark.
<span>b. The Vicar of Wakefield
</span><span>Samuel Johnson was referring to a group of English lyric poets when he coined the term "metaphysical poets". These poets lived in the seventeenth century. Their work was mainly about love, humour, love and metaphysical conceits. Their poetry was often far-fetched with unusual metaphors or similes. The metaphysical poets wrote very different poetry from the general style of the other poets of their time. They were not interested in writing about the usual images of nature or classical mythology. </span>
The difference between the two students that we know of is that they used a different meter stick. So the difference would be best attributed to the different tools they used.
Note, this is quite a huge difference. It's likely that one of the sticks, or both, are quite defect.
