Answer:
Cell /Tissue/ Organ/ Organ System/ Organism
Explanation:
That's the arrangement
BRAINLIEST PLEASE
The Oxidation-Fermentation Test is used to differentiate bacteria built on their capability to oxidize or ferment specific sugars.
Once microbes are inoculated,-One tube is sealed with a layer of sterile mineral oil to promote anaerobic growth and fermentation.-The other tube is left unsealed to allow aerobic growth and oxidation.
Organisms able to ferment the carbohydrate or ferment and oxidize the carbohydrate will turn the sealed and unsealed yellow throughout.
Organisms able only to oxidize the sugar will turn the unsealed yellow medium and leave the sealed medium green or blue.
Fragile fermenters will convert both tubes slightly yellow at the top.
Organisms not able to metabolize the sugar will either produce no color change or will turn the medium blue due to alkaline products from amino acids degradation.
Since Pair #1 showed complete yellowing for sealed and unsealed, these Organisms able to ferment the carbohydrate or ferment and oxidize the carbohydrate. So our interpretation will be that the organism has: Oxidation and fermentation OR fermentation only.
For tubes #2 and #3, the sealed tubes were green throughout suggests that they need oxygen for aerobic growth, and the fact that their unsealed tubes showed light yellowing is evidence for oxidation. Sealed - Green and Unseal - Yellow. Our interpretation for these pairs of tubes would be : Oxidation
Tube 1 can be either Oxidation and fermentation OR fermentation only. So reliability of this needs to be confirmed more with additional testing.
Tubes 2 and 3 are most reliable because they can only be oxidation only and no fermentation.
Decisions, studied I think
Answer:
(C) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have an additional active site that binds to non-cognate tRNAs. The tRNAs that bind to this second active are hydrolyzed and released from the enzyme.
Explanation:
In case of translation, proof reading is done by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases only. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have two mechanisms to avoid error during translation which are mentioned as under:
<u>(1) Chemical proof reading:</u> Incorrect amino acids rather than being hydrolyzed in catalytic pocket get hydrolyzed in editing pocket and thus they hardly get attached to tRNA.
For example: For distinguishing similar amino acids like isoleucine and valine, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase uses a second active site which is meant for only valine not for isoleucine. In this particular site, valine which had entered the enzyme is cleaved away with the help of editing reaction after which the enzyme is well prepared to process isoleucine which is the correct amino acid for this enzyme.
<u>(2) Kinetic proof reading: </u>Even if an incorrect amino acid has entered a particular aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, it does not cause appropriate conformational change in the enzyme because of which the incorrect amino acid loosens from the enzyme and does not get incorporated.
Note: In this example, only chemical proof reading is mentioned not kinetic proof reading.
