Do all of our scientific instruments have a limit on how precise they can make a measurement?

Physics

1 answer:

vladimir2022 [97]3 years ago

8 0

Yes. that is "True".

All instruments have limited exactness, so the capacity to determine little contrasts in measurement is subsequently restricted.

Precision alludes to the closeness of at least two estimations to one another. For example, on the off chance that you gauge a given substance five times, and get 3.2 kg each time, at that point your estimation is precise. You can be extremely precise yet mistaken. You can likewise be exact yet not precise.

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Explanation:

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Answer:

a) 404 m² b) apparent height = 7.5 m

Explanation:

This question is about refraction and total internal refraction.

Here I will take refractive index of air and water

$n_{air}=1\\ n_{water}=1.33=4/3$

Now let's look at the diagram I have attached here

At some angle A, the light from the ring (yellow point) under water will be totally internally refracted (B = 90°), which means that rays of light (yellow arrow) that make large enough angle A will not be able to escape from the water. Since we assumed that the ring is a point, there will be a critical cone of angle A with the ring at its apex which traces a circle of radius R on the surface of water, which, beyond this radius, no light could escape.

According to snell's law

$\frac{sin(B)}{sin(A)} = \frac{n_{water}}{n_{air}} = 4/3$

At critical angle B = 90°

$\frac{3)}{4}sin(B) = [tex]\frac{3}{4} sin(90^\circ ) = 0.75 = sin(A)$

Therefore

$A = 48.6^\circ$

With this, we can find the radius of the circle (refer to my diagram)

$h* tan (A) = R\\R =11.3 m$

And with that we can find the area

$A = \pi R^2=404\ m^2$

Additional Problem

For apparent depth from above, we can think that, since we are accustomed to seeing light at the speed of c in air, our brain interpret light from <em>any</em> source to be traveling at c. This causes light that originated under water, which has the speed of

$v_{water} = \frac{c}{n_{water}} = 0.75c$