Answer: Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport
Explanation:
The processes of transport between the cell and the external environment can be grouped into groups: Passive Processes - occur through the plasma membrane, without energy expenditure to the cell, to equalize cell concentration with the external medium. Examples of such processes are diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis. Active processes - occur through the plasma membrane, with energy expenditure, maintaining the concentration difference between the cell and the external environment. For example, sodium-potassium pump. Diffusion In diffusion, particles move from the highest concentration medium to the lowest concentration medium, so that it can be distributed throughout the medium. Therefore diffusion is a process called passive transport. Facilitated Diffusion is the passive transport of substances across the plasma membrane, without wasting cell metabolic energy, allowing the passage of substrates (molecules or ions) from a more concentrated to a less concentrated medium through specific mediation of carrier proteins, enzymes carriers or permeases along the plasma membrane. This process is mainly used to transport carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins and some ions: sodium, potassium, calcium. Osmosis is the name given to the movement of water between media with different concentrations of solutes separated by a semipermeable membrane. It is an important physicochemical process in cell survival.
The sodium-potassium pump is an example of active transport. Sodium concentration is higher in the extracellular environment while potassium is higher in the intracellular environment. Importantly, the energy required for this change comes from the breakdown of the ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecule into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and phosphate. The sodium (Na +) ion in the cytoplasm is pumped out of the cell. In the extracellular medium, the potassium ion (K +) is pumped into the internal medium. If there was no efficient active transport, the concentration of these ions would equal. Thus, the sodium and potassium pump is important as it establishes the difference in electrical charge between the two sides of the membrane that is critical for muscle and nerve cells and facilitates the penetration of amino acids and sugars.
Biomes
Explanation:
The most comprehensive ecological unit of the biosphere is the biomes.
Biomes are the largest ecological unit of life.
- They are made up of different population, communities, ecosystems of living organisms and their environment.
- A biome is an ecosystem made up of common characteristics in the environment they are found.
- They have internal regularities in the nature and types of fauna and flora found in such areas.
- Examples of biomes are tundra, rainforest, desert etc
learn more:
Rainforests brainly.com/question/3995505
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Homozygous<span>. An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait.</span>
Answer: It's known as the continental drift :)
Explanation: "Pangea's existence was first proposed in 1912 by German meteorologist Alfred Wegener as a part of his theory of continental drift. Its name is derived from the Greek pangaia, meaning “all the Earth.”" (copied from google)
Answer:
Bipedalism freed the hands so they could be used to cart food, make and use weapons and other advantages of freed hands. Bipedalism is a much more efficient way to walk and run and this fact is quantified. Bipedalism raised the early proto-human above the horizontal so he could see predators approaching. Bipedalism is a much more efficient design to cool down overheating bodies.
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