Answer:
Tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal.
Explanation:
The VSPER theory states that the bonds of sharing electrons and the lone pairs of electrons will repulse as much as possible. So, by the repulsion, the molecule will have some shape.
In the ion PO₄³⁻, the central atom P has 5 electrons in its valence shell, so it needs 3 electrons to be stable. Oxygen has 6 electrons at the valence shell and needs 2 to be stable. 3 oxygens share 1 pair of electrons with P, and the two lone pair remaining in P is shared with the other O, then the central atom makes 4 bonds and has no lone pairs, the shape is tetrahedral.
In the ion H₃O⁺, the central atom O has 6 electrons in its valence shell and needs 2 electrons to be stable. The hydrogen has 1 electron, and need 1 more to be stable. The hydrogens share 1 pair of electrons with the oxygen, then it remains 3 electrons at the central atom, and the VSPER theory states that the shape will be a trigonal pyramidal.
In the AsF₅, the central atom As has 5 valence electrons, and F has 1 electron in its valence shell, so each F shares one pair of electrons with As, and there are no lone pairs in the central atom. For 5 bonds without lone pairs, the shape is trigonal bipyramidal.
Answer:
Lead
Explanation:
As you move down the periodic table, the elements get larger and gain additional electron shells, increasing the radius. In order, they are on the table as Chlorine, Selenium, Lead.
This is an exercise in the general or combined gas law.
To start solving this exercise, we obtain the following data:
<h3>
Data:</h3>
- T₁ = 22.5 °C + 273 = 295.5 K
- P₁ = 1.95 atm
- V₁ = ¿?
- P₂ = 3.69 atm
- T₂ = 11.9 °C + 273 = 284.9 k
- V₂= 56.4 ml
We use the following formula:
P₁V₁T₂ = P₂V₂T₁ ⇒ General formula
Where
- P₁ = Initial pressure
- V₁ = Initial volume
- T₂ = Initial temperature
- P₂ = Final pressure
- V₂ = final volume
- T₁ = Initial temperature
We clear the formula for the initial volume:
We substitute our data into the formula to solve:
The helium-filled balloon has a volume of <u>110.697 ml.</u>
