Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
According to the law of conservation of energy, it is known that energy can neither be created nor it can be destroyed.
But energy can be changed from one form to another.
Whereas entropy is the degree of randomness present within the molecules of a substance or object.
For example, gas molecules are able to move rapidly so, they have more entropy as compared to solid and liquid substances.
According to second law of thermodynamics, entropy of the system is always increasing.
Thus, we can conclude that "Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another.
The state or quality of shining by reflecting light; glitter, sparkle, sheen, or gloss such as ornaments shiny and dull
NH4^+ + OH^- ==> NH3 + H2O
<span>Set up an ICE chart. </span>
<span>initial: </span>
<span>NH4^+ = mL x M = 100 x 0.1 = 10 millimoles </span>
<span>NH3 = mL x M = 80 x 0.20 = 16 millimoles. </span>
<span>change: </span>
<span>we add 0.2 g NaOH which is 0.2/40 = 0.005 moles or 5 millimoles. </span>
<span>NH3 = +5 millimoles </span>
<span>NH4^+ = -5 millimoles </span>
<span>equilibrium: </span>
<span>NH3 = 16 + 5 = 21 millimoles. </span>
<span>NH4^+ = 10 - 5 = 5 millimoles. </span>
<span>You may substitute millimoles in place of concn (since millimoles/mL = molarity and the mL (180 mL) appears in both numerator and denominator) OR you can divide millimoles/180 mL to arrive at concn for both base and acid and substitute those numbers. Plug those into the HH equation and solve for pH. </span>
<span>For part d, just set up the HH equation and pH = pKa + log (base/acid). The question is asking you to calculate pH if base and acid were equal. So plug in the same number (any number you choose) for base and acid and calculate. Note that the log of 1 = 0</span>