Covalent bonds are formed when 2 neutral atoms come together to share a pair of electrons, where each atom contributes one electron each to be shared.
The covalent bond is kept together by the electrostatic attraction between the nuclei of the atoms and the shared pair of electrons.
Covalent bonds are usually formed between non metals with a small difference in their electro negativity.
the correct answer is
A. Neutral atoms coming together to share electrons
<span>Option C. It is sodium nitrate because it is a strong electrolyte that comes from a strong acid (HNO3) and a strong base (KOH). It becomes a strong electrolyte when it dissolves in water, its formula is NaNO3, which is a compound that forms nitrate together with potassium nitrate and is obtained by chemical synthesis.</span>
Following reaction is involved in above system
HOCl(aq) ↔ H+(aq) + OCl-<span>(aq)
</span>OCl-(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ HOCl(aq) + OH-<span>(aq)
</span>
Now, if the system is obeys 1st order kinetics we have
K = [OCl-][H+<span>]/[HOCl] ............. (1)
</span>∴ [HOCl-] / [OCl-] = [H+] (1 / 3.0 * 10-8<span>) ............. (2)
</span>
and now considering that system is obeying 2nd order kinetics, we have
K = [OH-][HOCl-] / [OCl-] ................. (3<span>)
</span>Subs 2 in 3 we get
K = [OH-][H+] (1 / 3.0 * 10-8<span>)
</span>we know that, [OH-][H+] = 10<span>-14
</span>∴K = 3.3 * 10<span>-7
</span>
Thus, correct answer is e i.e none of these
<span>As we know through the principle of conservation of energy, energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Therefore, the energy removed from the water in order to make it freeze is absorbed by the surroundings. This is why the surroundings in which freezing is taking place are below freezing. This is more easily illustrated in the example of condensation. If you were to hold a plate over a pot of boiling water, some of the water would give its energy to the plate and condense on its surface.</span>
An aqueous solution in a 55 gallon (208 l drum), characterized by minimal buffering capacity, received 4kg of phenol and 1.5 kg of sodium phenate. What is the ph of the solution. The pka of phenol = 9.98. Mw of phenol and sodium phenate are 94 g/mol and 116 g/mol, respectively.
Volume of solution = 55 gallons = 208.2 L [ 1 gallon = 3.78 L]
moles of phenol = mass / molar mass = 4000 g / 94 = 42.55 moles
moles of sodium phenate = mass / molar mass = 1500 / 116 = 12.93 moles
pKa of phenol = 9.98
We know that the pH of buffer is calculated using Hendersen Hassalbalch's equation
pH = pKa + log [salt] / [acid]
volume is same for both the sodium phenate and phenol has we can directly take the moles of each in the formula
pH = 9.98 + log [12.93 / 42.55] = 9.46
