Answer:
C. Coupled reactions establish an electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
Explanation:
- During cellular respiration in mitochondria, and during photosynthesis in chloroplasts, the electron transport chain requires a proton gradient to pump protons across the membrane by active transport.
- Protons flow back across the membrane by facilitated diffusion through ATP synthase, which utilizes them to phosphorylate ADP to ATP.
- This process of ATP synthesis by harnessing the elctrochemicaal gradient geenrated by the diffusion of protons across the biological membrane through ATP synthase is called chemiosmosis.
<span>Atherosclerosis is the general term for narrowing and hardening of the arteries due to plaque buildup. When this occurs in the vessels that supply the heart, it is termed coronary artery disease, or coronary heat disease.</span>
Solid. it's all stuck and linked together, while liquids are flowing along and gases fly around wherever they please. Hope this helps
Nerve cells may begin to pass messages more slowly than in the past. Waste products can collect in the brain tissue as nerve cells break down. This can cause abnormal changes in the brain called plaques and tangles to form.
Breakdown of nerves can affect your senses. You might have reduced or lost reflexes or sensation. This leads to problems with movement and safety
