A theory is an idea that has yet to be proven by experimentation. A law is a theory that has been proven correct.
Two objects that are similarly charged will repel, while two objects with opposite charges will attract. Moreover, a neutral object will attract either charges.
If the beavers need large teeth to collect wood for their dams, the population of beavers with larger teeth will live longer because they can collect wood. They will them be able to reproduce therefore passing down the gene with larger incisor teeth
Alright.
So the picture is a little hard to see, so bare with me.
Evaporation is where the water is coming out of the ocean up into the air.
I think that is rain happening above the mountain? If so, that is precipitation.
The little river thing coming out of the mountain is runoff.
I cant really see much else on the picture though, so you might need someone else to help you there.