Answer:
The pH of a solution is simply a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions,
H
+
, which you'll often see referred to as hydronium cations,
H
3
O
+
.
More specifically, the pH of the solution is calculated using the negative log base
10
of the concentration of the hydronium cations.
∣
∣
∣
∣
¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
a
a
pH
=
−
log
(
[
H
3
O
+
]
)
a
a
∣
∣
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Now, we use the negative log base
10
because the concentration of hydronium cations is usually significantly smaller than
1
.
As you know, every increase in the value of a log function corresponds to one order of magnitude.
Explanation:
Answer:
C₁₁H₁₂NO₄
Explanation:
In order to determine the empirical formula of doxycycline, we need to follow a series of steps.
Step 1: Determine the centesimal composition
C: 59.5 mg/100 mg × 100% = 59.5%
H: 5.40 mg/100 mg × 100% = 5.40%
N: 6.30 mg/100 mg × 100% = 6.30%
O: 28.8 mg/100 mg × 100% = 28.8%
Step 2: Divide each percentage by the atomic mass of the element
C: 59.5 /12.0 = 4.96
H: 5.40/1.00 = 5.40
N: 6.30/14.0 = 0.450
O: 28.8/16.0 = 1.80
Step 3: Divide all the numbers by the smallest one
C: 4.96/0.450 = 11
H: 5.40/0.450 = 12
N: 0.450/0.450 = 1
O: 1.80/0.450 = 4
The empirical formula of doxycycline is C₁₁H₁₂NO₄
Which force prevents protons from repelling each other inside a nucleus?
the gravitational force
the weak nuclear force
the electromagnetic force
<u>the strong nuclear force</u>
