Independent is what you are testing with. dependent is what you ARE testing. constant is the control so like for example the time, or the same material etc. tools should be on your paper depending on what lab it is :)
Answer:
Add some water to his solution
Explanation:
Ion pair effect refers to strong electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged ions in solution. Such strong interaction affects solute- solvent interaction when an ionic substance is dissolved in water.
High solute concentration may lead to ion-pair effect. Hence, the ion pair effect may be minimized by adding more water (decreasing the concentration of the solution).
To reduce the ion- pair effect, Andy needs to add some water to his solution (dilution).
Answer:
(a) 0 J
(b) -9.5 J
(c) -18 J
Explanation:
A gas expands in volume from 26.7 to 89.3 mL at constant temperature. The change in volume is:
ΔV = 89.3 mL - 26.7 mL = 62.6 mL = 0.0626 L
The work done (w) can be calculated using the following expression.
w = - P × ΔV
where,
P is the pressure
<em>(a) against a vacuum (P = 0)</em>
w = - P × ΔV = - 0 atm × 0.0626 L = 0 atm . L = 0 J
<em>(b) against a constant pressure of 1.5 atm</em>
w = - P × ΔV = - 1.5 atm × 0.0626 L × (101.3 J/1 atm.L) = -9.5 J
<em>(c) against a constant pressure of 2.8 atm</em>
w = - P × ΔV = - 2.8 atm × 0.0626 L × (101.3 J/1 atm.L) = -18 J
The three
states of matter are solid, liquid and gas phase. The solid has a more definite
shape and volume. The particles are locked into place. It cannot be further
compressed due to the bond that exists between the molecules. The kinetic
energy of the molecules is close to none because the molecules are so close and
so compact with each other. For liquids, it has a medium shape and volume. The
particles can move or slide past each other due to the small space available
for movement. It cannot be compressed further due to the repulsive forces that
acts between them. The kinetic energy is medium. For gases, it has no shape and
volume because the particles can move freely from one other. Their collisions
are rare due to the distance between them. The kinetic energy of the molecules
is high because there is room for movement. It can be compressed easily.
Blank 1: polar
The difference in electronegativity between N and H causes electrons to preferentially orbit N, making the bond polar.
Blank 2: trigonal pyramidal
There are four “things” attached to N - 3 H’s and 1 lone pair of electrons. The four things together are arranged into a tetrahedral formation. However, the lone pairs don’t actually contribute to the shape of the molecule per se; it’s only the actual atoms that do. The lone pair creates a bit of repulsion that pushes the 3 H’s down, creating a trigonal pyramidal shape (as opposed to a trigonal planar one).
Blank 3: polar
The molecule as a whole is also polar because the “things” around it, though arranged in a tetrahedral pattern, are not all the same. The side of the molecule with the lone pair is slightly negative, while the side with the 3 H’s is slightly positive due to the differences in electronegativity described above.