Answer:
Here's what I get
Explanation:
You may have done a Williamson synthesis of guaifenesin by reacting guaiacol with 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol.
A. Mechanism
Step 1
NaOH converts guaiacol into a phenoxide ion.
Step 2
The phenoxide acts as the nucleophile in an SN2 reaction to displace the Cl from the alkyl halide.
B. Improve the yield
You probably carried out the reaction in ethanol solution — a polar protic solvent.
You might try doing the reaction in a polar aprotic solvent— perhaps DMSO.
A polar aprotic solvent does not hydrogen bond to nucleophiles, so they become stronger.
C. Another method of ether synthesis —dehydration of alcohols
Sulfuric acid catalyzes the conversion of primary alcohols to ethers.
This is also a nucleophilic displacement reaction.
Protonation of the OH converts it into a better leaving group.
Attack by a second molecule of alcohol forms the protonated ether.
A molecule of water then removes the proton.
The percentage error is the error of the measured value to the true value. To find he percent error, the equation is as follows:
Percent error = |Measured Value - True Value|/True Value * 100
The || is needed to get the absolute value of the difference. Substituting the values,
Percent error = |(10.085 g/10 mL) - 0.9975 g/mL|/<span>0.9975 g/mL * 100
</span><em>Percent error = 1.1% </em>
Answer:
im sorry, but im not sure
Explanation:
Answer:
atoms have no overall charge. this is because they contain equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons
Answer:
Because the Calvin cycle is dependent on the the product from light reaction.
Explanation:
The Calvin cycle is the light independent phase of photosynthesis during which carbon is fixed. This step requires energy generated during the light dependent phase of the photosynthesis.
Hence, if the light dependent reaction does not occur, the required energy to drive carbon fixation will be lacking and the Calvin cycle will not be able to proceed.
