First-past-the-post voting
In this kind of election, the winner who gets most of votes wins the election. The first past the vote election system has an added advamtage of promoting stability. the winner often enters into a coalition with one of the competitors after the vote. However, it is agreed upon that the election leads to legitimacy concerns as the winner could be determined by a small part of the population, in case several competitors were involved.
The research error described above is an example of selection bias.
Selection bias takes place when, from a population of interest, a group of individuals is selected in order to construct a sample but without a proper randomization. The result is a sample which is not representative of the underlying population.
According to the example, the target population of the research comprises all students but the sample only includes boys. Hence, selection has not been random because it followed a gender criteria, and the results obtained using it cannot be applicable to the whole population because they are affected by a selection bias.
Answer: Option D
Explanation: In simple words, argumentative reasoning refers to the methodology under which an individual tries to reach a conclusion fro an issue by using some kind of logical and scientific study.
In the given case, the professors gave low grades to a woman and the individuals in the case made a study which suggested that there decision was biased.
Hence from the above we can conclude that the correct option is D.
For Erikson, it is necessary to establish a personal identity to resolve the crisis of intimacy vs. isolation.
<h3>What is an intimacy crisis vs. isolation?</h3>
- It is a phase of human development.
- It is false that occurs at 19-40 years of age.
- It is a phase that determines the personal relationships between individuals.
According to Erikson, intimacy vs. isolation is the time when human beings seek interaction with other human beings. This interaction is developed by the desire to be part of a community and to have companions with whom I can establish an intimate interaction. When this type of interaction is not established, human beings tend to isolate themselves and not form groups.
For Erikson, the individual needs to determine their identity before entering intimacy vs. isolation. Because once identity is determined, the individual knows how to select groups of people most compatible with him or herself. Thus, intimacy vs. isolation is overcome with little difficulty and allows individuals to get through this phase with greater comfort.
Learn more about intimacy vs. isolation on the link:
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