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alex41 [277]
2 years ago
5

A girl (mass M) standing on the edge of a frictionless merry-go-round (radius R, rotational inertia I) that is not moving. She t

hrows a rock (mass m) in a horizontal direction that is tangent to the outer edge of the merry-go-round. The speed of the rock, relative to the ground, is v. Calculate (a) the angular speed of the merry-go- round and (b) the linear speed of the girl after the rock is thrown.
Physics
1 answer:
vladimir1956 [14]2 years ago
5 0

a) \omega=\frac{-mvR}{I+MR^2}

b) v=\frac{-mvR^2}{I+MR^2}

Explanation:

a)

Since there are no external torques acting on the system, the total angular momentum must remain constant.

At the beginning, the merry-go-round and the girl are at rest, so the initial angular momentum is zero:

L_1=0

Later, after the girl throws the rock, the angular momentum will be:

L_2=(I_M+I_g)\omega +L_r

where:

I is the moment of inertia of the merry-go-round

I_g=MR^2 is the moment of inertia of the girl, where

M is the mass of the girl

R is the distance of the girl from the axis of rotation

\omega is the angular speed of the merry-go-round and the girl

L_r=mvR is the angular momentum of the rock, where

m is the mass of the rock

v is its velocity

Since the total angular momentum is conserved,

L_1=L_2

So we find:

0=(I+I_g)\omega +mvR\\\omega=\frac{-mvR}{I+MR^2}

And the negative sign indicates that the disk rotates in the direction opposite to the motion of the rock.

b)

The linear speed of a body in rotational motion is given by

v=\omega r

where

\omega is the angular speed

r is the distance of the body from the axis of rotation

In this problem, for the girl, we have:

\omega=\frac{-mvR}{I+MR^2} is the angular speed

r=R is the distance of the girl from the axis of rotation

Therefore, her linear speed is:

v=\omega R=\frac{-mvR^2}{I+MR^2}

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in the third quadrant, if we measure the angle of the positive side of the x-axis

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