Cℓ-1 ions from the chlorides we eat, mainly in salt, fish and meat, are important for some functions of the human organism, as they are the main extracellular anion, are present in gastric juice, regulate body fluids, such as water distribution in the body. organism, and maintain plasma osmotic pressure and electrical neutrality. When coupled with sodium in the extracellular fluid, chlorides are of utmost importance in aiding and maintaining fluid balance.
I would tell him that other foods give you vitamin A other than carrots and he probably gets the recommended amount of vitamin A without knowing it, or he could just eat another carrot if he's that worried about it.
I don't exactly know how to put this in scientific terms, but it is a wet cough which when completed, has brought up phlegm enough to fill a handkerchief. It is the last stage of a common cold before it goes away.