Considering the unknown resistence as R and using the Ohm's First Law, we have:
The equivalent resistence is given by the resistor series with the lamp resistence.

If you notice any mistake in my english, please let me know, because i am not native.
When you use a wrench to tighten or loosen a nut on a bolt, you are
applying torque. It is measured in units of force times distance.
A force of F newtons pulling on a handle of L meters in length would
supply a torque of F L newton-meters.
More technically, torque is the vector cross product of force times
perpendicular distance from the object, F x r = F r sin @
I believe it is speed.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
Use the right-hand rule for magnetic force to determine the charge on the moving particle.
This is a
negative
charge
Explanation: