Answer:
Option 4. There's no hydrogen bonding between HBr molecules at all.
Explanation:
<h3>SiH₄</h3>
SiH₄ molecules are tetrahedral and symmetric. Dipoles due to the polar Si-H bonds balance each other. SiH₄ molecules are nonpolar. Only instantaneous dipoles are possible between those molecules.
<h3>C₆H₆ Benzene</h3>
Similar to SiH₄, benzene is symmetric. Dipoles due to the weakly polar C-H bonds balance each other. Benzene molecules are nonpolar. Only instantaneous dipoles are possible between those molecules.
<h3>NH₃</h3>
There are two conditions for hydrogen bonding to take place:
- H atoms are directly bonded to a highly electronegative element: Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine.
- There is at least one lone pair of electrons nearby.
Consider the Lewis structure of NH₃. There are three H atoms in each NH₃ molecule. Each of the three H atoms is bonded directly to the N atom with a highly polar N-H bond. Also, there is a lone pair of electrons on the N atom. Hydrogen bonding will take place between NH₃ molecules.
NH₃ is a relatively small molecule. As a result, hydrogen bonding will be the dominant type of intermolecular force between NH₃ molecules.
<h3>HBr</h3>
There are three lone pairs on the Br atom in each HBr molecule. However, no H atom is connected to any one of the three highly electronegative elements: N, O, or F. The Br atom isn't electronegative enough for the H atom to form hydrogen bonding. HBr molecules are polar. As a result, the dominant type of intermolecular forces between HBr molecules will be dipole-dipole interactions (A.k.a. permanent dipole.)
<h3>CaO</h3>
Calcium is a group 2 metal. Oxygen is one of the three most electronegative nonmetal. (Again, the most electronegative elements are: Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine.) As a main group metal, Ca atoms tend to lose electrons and form positive ions. Oxygen will gain those electrons to form a negative ion. As a result, CaO will be an ionic compound full of Ca²⁺ and O²⁻ ions. Forces between ions with opposite charges are called ionic bonds.
Answer is: 0,133 mol/ l· atm.
T(chlorine) = 10°C = 283K.
p(chlorine) = 1 atm.
V(chlorine) = 3,10 l.
R - gas constant, R = 0.0821 atm·l/mol·K.
Ideal gas law: p·V = n·R·T
n(chlorine) = p·V ÷ R·T.
n(chlorine) = 1atm · 3,10l ÷ 0,0821 atm·l/mol·K · 283K = 0,133mol.
Henry's law: c = p·k.
k - <span>Henry's law constant.
</span>c - solubility of a gas at a fixed temperature in a particular solvent.
c = 0,133 mol/l.
k = 0,133 mol/l ÷ 1 atm = 0,133 mol/ l· atm.
I believe the answer is D. The atmosphere, different layers of the atmosphere can help in different ways! The stratosphere helps protect us from the sun's rays; The Mesophere is what helps protect us from meteorites! It's so cold that they burn up in that area.
Answer:
Water has strong hydrogen bond dipole-dipole intermolecular forces that give water a high surface tension and a high heat of vaporization and that make it a strong solvent.
Explanation:
