Answer:
1. Restriction enzymes
2. DNA ligase
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
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1. Identify your gene of interest (the one that produces human insulin in this case).
2. Isolate it from the rest of the DNA via restriction enzymes. Also extract a plasmid from a bacterium.
3. Use the restriction enzymes on the bacterium as well.
4. Join the cut plasmid and your gene of interest via mixing them and with the help of DNA ligase.
5. Insert the recombinant plasmid into a host cell. The plasmids are taken up by the bacterium by transformation.
6. Select for cells that have been transformed by linking the gene of interest to an antibiotic resistance gene or a report gene.
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1. Agricultural Uses, we can insert disease-resistant genes into plants for example
2. We can amplify the DNA found at a crime scene to more easily trace down suspects
3. Medical Uses; we can more easily detect diseases and test for viruses (via amplification of blood samples).
