The big advantage to using continuous compounding to express growth rates is it avoids the problem of asymmetry in growth rates:
For example, if we use the normal definition and $100 grows to $105 in one time period, that's a growth rate of $105/$100 - 1 = 5% But if $105 decreases to $100, that's a growth rate of $100/$105 - 1 = -4.76%
The problem of asymmetry is those two growth rates, 5% and -4.75% are not equal up to a sign.
But if you use continuous compounding the growth rate in the first case is ln(105/100) = 0.04879.
And the growth rate in the second is ln (100/105) = -0.04879.
Those two growth rates are definitely the negative of each other.<span>
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Answer:
A: as the liquid gets warmer more particles have sufficient energy to escape from the liquid. Eventually, particles in the middle of the liquid form bubbles of gas in the liquid.
A: the temperature will only increase once all the liquid particles change to gas.
Explanation:
Earth's internal heat budget is fundamental to the thermal history of the Earth. The flow of heat from Earth's interior to the surface is estimated at {\displaystyle 47\pm 2} terawatts (TW)[1] and comes from two main sources in roughly equal amounts: the radiogenic heat produced by the radioactive decay of isotopes in the mantle and crust, and the primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth.[2]
Earth's internal heat powers most geological processes[3] and drives plate tectonics.[2]Despite its geological significance, this heat energy coming from Earth's interior is actually only 0.03% of Earth's total energy budget at the surface, which is dominated by 173,000 TW of incoming solar radiation.[4] The insolation that eventually, after reflection, reaches the surface penetrates only several tens of centimeters on the daily cycle and only several tens of meters on the annual cycle. This renders solar radiation minimally relevant for internal processes.[
Answer:
0
General Formulas and Concepts:
<u>Chemistry - Atomic Structure</u>
- Protons have a positive (+) charge.
- Neutrons have a neutral (0) charge.
- Electrons have a negative (-) charge.
Explanation:
<u>Step 1: Define</u>
6 Protons
6 Neutrons
6 Electrons
<u>Step 2: Determine charges</u>
6 Protons = + 6 charge
6 Neutrons = 0 charge
6 Electrons = - 6 charge
<u>Step 3: Determine overall charge</u>
+6 + 0 + -6 = 0
1 mole Zn ---------- 6.02 x 10²³ atoms
0.750 moles Zn ----- ?
atoms = 0.750 * ( 6.02 x 10²³ / 1 )
= 4.515 x 10²³ atoms
hope this helps!