A pilot study examining weight-bearing exercise and bone density detect an effect size of 0.8. You are planning the next study and this means option(d) i.e, you will find a clinically significant effect.
A pilot study, also known as a pilot project, test, or experiment, is a small-scale preparatory study carried out to assess the viability, duration, cost, and adverse events as well as to enhance the study design before carrying out a full-scale research project.
One benefit of performing a pilot study is that it may provide early warning about potential failure areas for the main research project, potential protocol violations and if suggested procedures or instruments are appropriate or overly complicated. Pilot studies are scaled-down versions of proposed studies that are used to gauge their viability and identify areas for improvement. They are useful in spotting possible problems early so that they can be fixed without committing to a lengthy and expensive inquiry.
The complete question is:
A pilot study examining weight-bearing exercise and bone density detect an effect size of 0.8. You are planning the next study and know this means: a. If you have a small sample you will overestimate the effect
b. If you enroll a large sample you may be spending more than you need to c. If you have a small sample you will not have enough power to detect this effect size
d. You will find a clinically significant effect
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28.5% or 29%.
Either can be given since, 1% also think negative and positive.
Acquired traits include things such as calluses on fingers, larger muscle size from exercise or from avoiding predators.
