Answer:
Reciprocal altruism is one of the altruism behaviors in which an individual organism helps in increasing the fitness of another organism by reducing the fitness of itself temporarily in expectation of the same behavior from another organism in the future later.
It takes place in the same set of organism partners which is a continuous interaction ion in stable groups of organisms.
Thus, the correct answer would be - an ongoing interaction in the same set of partners.
Answer is Nitrogen, atomic number 7
The atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Hence, the number of electrons in the nitrogen atom is 7. In the nitrogen, valance electrons are 3 in number in 2P orbital. Its valency is 3. Therefore, it can make three bonds with other elements which is highest among the given options.
<span>The macrophage is the cell responsible for detecting, engulfing and destroying pathogens and apoptotic cells. These cells process and present antigens (foreign materials) to immunocompetent cells and thus they are the key mediators in the development of all immune reactions.</span>
Answer:
Explanation: Deforestation leads to climate change. The fewer trees in environment, the more carbon emmsision there is which warms up the earth. As the earth gets warmer the glaciers and ice caps in the artic and antarctic melt which leads to more water in the ocean. Think of ice melting in a glass of water, the ice melts and turns to water creating more water.
