Neurulation is termed as the folding process within which is invertebrates embryos. It includes the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube. At this transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube. At this stage, the embryo is known as neurula.
The process starts when notochord induces the formation of the central nervous system and this is by signaling the ectoderm germ layer which is above and it forms flat and thick neural plate.
The work of neural tube and then later differentiates to the brain and spinal chord which then forms central nervous system.
Neural tube portions forms by two different processes. for example secondary neurulation and primary neurulation.
Secondary neurulation the tube forms by hollowing out of the interior of the solid precursor
In primary neurulation, the neural plates crease inward until when the edges come into fuse and contact
Our skin cells divide rapidly in order to maintain a protective barrier against infection.The outer skin layer is called the epidermis and contains mostly dead cells that contain keratin.Keratin is a tough fibrous protein found in hair,skin and calluses and acts as a protective coating.The epidermis cells are constantly undergoing mitosis so the outer dead cells containing keratin are rapidly replaced as they fall off, which occurs after so many days.Then the newer living cells start producing keratin,lose their cellular contents,then die and the cycle goes on.The skin acts as a barrier to infection,therefore,it's constantly renewed and repaired.
Answer:
E) horizontal gene transfer
Explanation:
Horizontal gene transfer(HGT) is mainly seen in bacteria. Bacteria exchange their genetic material from the horizontal gene transfer method. There are three methods in HGT- conjugation, transduction, and transformation.
In conjugation, the bacteria exchange their plasmid through sex pilus. In transformation, bacteria take up other's genetic material from its environment and in transduction virus-mediated gene transfer occurs.
Therefore in bacteria and nucleus, the genetic material exchange can occur only through HGT.
Answer:
the chloroplast
Explanation:
Sugar is made in the chloroplast of a plant cell. The chloroplast is an organelle that performs photosynthesis,
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This is because of natural selection; since polar bears live in a rough environment, natural selection gives them more fur, more muscle, and can go longer without food
