Answer:
(a) 1s2 2s1
Explanation:
Electron configurations of atoms are in their ground state when the electrons completely fill each orbital before starting to fill the next orbital.
<h3><u>
Understanding the notation</u></h3>
It's important to know how to read and interpret the notation.
For example, the first part of option (a) says "1s2"
- The "1" means the first level or shell
- The "s" means in an s-orbital
- The "2" means there are 2 electrons in that orbital
<h3><u>
</u></h3><h3><u>
Other things to know about electron orbitals</u></h3>
It important to know which orbitals are in each shell:
- In level 1, there is only an s-orbital
- In level 2, there is an s-orbital and a p-orbital
- in level 3, there is an s-orbital, a p-orbital, and a d-orbital <em>(things get a little tricky when the d-orbitals get involved, but this problem is checking on the basic concept -- not the higher level trickery)</em>
So, it's also important to know how many electrons can be in each orbital in order to know if they are full or not. The electrons should fill up these orbitals for each level, in this order:
- s-orbitals can hold 2
- p-orbitals can hold 6
- d-orbitals can hold 10 <em>(but again, that's beyond the scope of this problem)</em>
<h3><u>
Examining how the electrons are filling the orbitals</u></h3>
<u>For option (a):</u>
- the 1s orbital is filled with 2, and
- the 2s orbital has a single electron in it with no other orbitals involved.
This is in it's ground state.
<u>For option (b):</u>
- the 1s orbital is filled with 2,
- the 2s orbital is filled with 2,
- the 2p orbital has 5 (short of a full 6), and
- the 3s orbital has a single electron in it.
Because the 3s orbital has an electron, but the lower 2p before it isn't full. This is NOT in it's ground state.
<u>For option (c):</u>
- the 1s orbital is filled with 2,
- the 2s orbital has 1 (short of a full 2), and
- the 2p orbital is filled with 6
Although the 2p orbital is full, since the 2s orbital before it was not yet full, this is NOT in it's ground state.
<u>For option (d):</u>
- the 1s orbital has 1 (short of a full 2), and
- the 2s orbital is filled with 2
Again, despite that the final orbital (in this case, the 2s orbital), is full, since the 1s orbital before it was not yet full, this is NOT in it's ground state.
Answer:
Answer A is wrong
Explanation:
because the temperature increases as soon as the temperature increases
Hope it helps you
Answer:
The volume of this sample when the temperature is changed to 150 K and the pressure is changed to 160 kPa is 52.5 mL.
Explanation:
Boyle's law says that: "The volume occupied by a certain gaseous mass at constant temperature is inversely proportional to pressure" and is expressed mathematically as:
P * V = k
where k is a constant.
Charles's Law consists of the relationship that exists between the volume and the temperature of a certain quantity of ideal gas, which is maintained at a constant pressure, by means of a constant of proportionality that is applied directly. So Charles's law is a law that mathematically says that when the amount of gas and pressure are kept constant, the quotient that exists between the volume and the temperature will always have the same value:
Gay-Lussac's law states that the pressure of a fixed volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature. In other words, if the volume of a certain quantity of ideal gas remains constant, the quotient between pressure and temperature remains constant:
Combined law equation is the combination of three gas laws called Boyle's, Charlie's and Gay-Lusac's law:
Considering an initial state 1 and a final state 2, it is satisfied:
In this case:
- P1: 240 kPa
- V1: 70 mL
- T1: 300 K
- P2: 160 kPa
- V2: ?
- T2: 150 K
Replacing:
Solving:
V2= 52.5 mL
<u><em>The volume of this sample when the temperature is changed to 150 K and the pressure is changed to 160 kPa is 52.5 mL.</em></u>
