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Mnenie [13.5K]
3 years ago
14

Determinați numărul protonilor și cel al neutronilor în nucleul atomului

Physics
1 answer:
Mrrafil [7]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

- Beryllium has 4 protons and 5 neutrons in its nucleus.

- The nucleus of the periodic table isotope of Uranium has 92 protons and 146 neutrons.

The nucleus of the periodic table isotope of Thorium has 90 protons and 142 neutrons.

- Check Explanation

- Check Explanation

In Romanian/In limba romana

- Berilul are 4 protoni și 5 neutroni în nucleul său.

- Nucleul izotopului tabelului periodic al Uraniului are 92 de protoni și 146 de neutroni.

Nucleul izotopului tabelului periodic al Toriului are 90 de protoni și 142 de neutroni.

- Verificați Explicația

- Verificați Explicația

Explanation:

English Translation

- Determine the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom of beryllium.

- Determine the structure of the nuclei of the isotopes of uranium and thorium

- Which forces are called nuclear forces.

- List the peculiarities of nuclear forces.

Solution

Note that the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the atomic number of that atom.

And the mass number of the atom is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.

The nucleus of an atom is the most massive part of an atom containing almost exclusively the neutrons and the protons of the atom.

- Beryllium has an atomic number of 4 and a mass number of 9.

Hence, its number of protons = atomic number = 4

(Number of protons) + (Number of neutrons) = mass number

Number of neutrons

= (mass number) - (Number of protons)

= 9 - 4 = 5

- Uranium has atomic number of 92 and mass number of 238.

Number of protons = 92

Number of neutrons = 238 - 92 = 146

Thorium has atomic number of 90 and a mass number of 232.

Number of protons = 90

Number of neutrons = 232 - 90 = 142 neutrons.

- Nuclear forces are the forces that keep the neutrons and protons of an atom bonded to the nucleus of an atom. The constituents of the atom's nucleus are called nucleons. Nuclear forces are the forces between two or more nucleons.

- The nuclear forces are about 10 million times stronger than the forces that bind atoms together in molecules and compounds.

Hence, massive energies are required to break into the nucleus of atoms.

This is why nuclear reactors produce about a million times more energy per kilogram fuel compared to chemical fuel.

However, the range of the nuclear force is short, only about 10⁻¹⁵ m, beyond which it decreases rapidly.

This is why, in spite of its enormous strength, we do not feel anything of this force on the atomic scale or in everyday life.

In Romanian/In limba romana

Rețineți că numărul protonilor din nucleul unui atom este numărul atomic al acelui atom. Și numărul de masă al atomului este suma protonilor și neutronilor din nucleul atomului. Nucleul unui atom este partea cea mai masivă a unui atom care conține aproape exclusiv neutroni și protonii atomului.

- Beriliu are un număr atomic de 4 și un număr de masă de 9.

Prin urmare, numărul său de protoni = numărul atomic = 4

(Număr de protoni) + (Număr de neutroni) = număr de masă

Numărul de neutroni = (număr de masă) - (Număr de protoni) = 9 - 4 = 5

- Uraniul are numărul atomic de 92 și numărul de masă de 238.

Numărul de protoni = 92

Numărul de neutroni = 238 - 92 = 146

Toriul are un număr atomic de 90 și un număr de masă de 232.

Numărul de protoni = 90

Numărul de neutroni = 232 - 90 = 142 neutroni.

- Forțele nucleare sunt forțele care mențin neutronii și protonii unui atom legați de nucleul unui atom.

Constituenții nucleului atomului se numesc nucleoni. Forțele nucleare sunt forțele dintre doi sau mai mulți nucleoni.

- Forțele nucleare sunt de aproximativ 10 milioane de ori mai puternice decât forțele care leagă atomii împreună în molecule și compuși.

Prin urmare, energiile masive sunt necesare pentru a pătrunde în nucleul atomilor.

Acesta este motivul pentru care reactoarele nucleare produc aproximativ un milion de ori mai multă energie pe kilogram de combustibil în comparație cu combustibilul chimic.

Cu toate acestea, domeniul forței nucleare este scurt, doar aproximativ 10⁻¹⁵ m, dincolo de care scade rapid.

Acesta este motivul pentru care, în ciuda puterii sale enorme, nu simțim nimic din această forță pe scara atomică sau în viața de zi cu zi.

Hope this Helps!!!

Sper că acest lucru vă ajută!!!

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