Question

In the reaction Zn(s) + NO3- → (aq) Zn2+ (aq) + NH4+ (aq) which element is reduced?

Answer 1

Answer:  N (the Nitrogen)

Explanation:

Reduction refers to a decrease in oxidation number/state due to the gaining of electrons. As such the species that is being reduced will show a decrease in oxidation state.

Based on the redox rules,

Zn(s) has oxidation number of 0 [rule 1: the oxidation number of an element in its free (uncombined) state is zero]

Zn²⁺ has oxidation number of +2 [rule 2: The oxidation number of a monatomic (one-atom) ion is the same as the charge on the ion]

Now, since Nitrogen is enbedded in a polyatomic ion in both cases, you have to do a bit a calculation to obtain  the oxidation state.

For NO₃⁻  :   N + (-2 × 3) = -1

                              N - 6 = -1

                                    N = 5

[Rule 3: The sum of all oxidation numbers in a polyatomic (many-atom) ion is equal to the charge on the ion; Rule 6: The oxidation state of hydrogen in a compound is usually +1]

For NH₄⁺ :

          N + (4 x 1) = 1

                 N + 4 = 1

                       N = -3

[Rule 3: The sum of all oxidation numbers in a polyatomic (many-atom) ion is equal to the charge on the ion; Rule 5: The oxidation number of oxygen in a compound is usually –2]

Therefore, Zn moves from oxidation state of 0 to +2 (oxidation), while N moves from +5 to -3 (reduction).