I'd say "native", "mangnanimity", and maybe "justice" are emotionally charged. You can tell by the context of the sentences.
I would say all the above
The theme is the message that an author is trying to get his or her readers to understand. For example, in the Greek myth of Daedalus and Icarus, the theme was "don't be prideful". Because Icarus and Daedalus violated this by trying to act like the gods, they were punished: Icarus fell into the ocean and drowned.
A) rare to find and hard to form because in the passage, it mentions that you need specific conditions but they are hard to find (because they get destroyed before they are discovered)
a speaker can use logos in a speech so people can vote for him/her
