Answer:
In computers, a storage medium is any technology -- including devices and materials -- used to place, keep and retrieve electronic data. It refers to a physical device or component in a computing system that receives and retains information relating to applications and users. The plural form of this term is storage media.
Early forms of storage media included computer paper tape. Holes punched in the paper corresponded to a single bit of data. A paper tape reader would interpret each punched hole and convert it to a number. Paper tape was supplanted by magnetic tape, which eventually evolved to magnetic floppy disk.
How storage media works:
Media used in computer storage receive messages in the form of data, via software commands from the computer system. The commands determine the type of storage media needed to hold the data, based on its business value, compliance implications or other factors. In tiered storage, data is moved among disk, flash and cloud storage based on automated software policies.
A storage medium may be internal to a computing device, such as a computer's hard drive, or a removable device such as an external hard drive or universal serial bus (USB) flash drive. There are various types of storage media, including magnetic tape, nonvolatile memory cards, rotating fixed disk and solid-state drives (SSDs), which are based on nonvolatile flash memory.
The term storage encompasses all data, and can be either primary or secondary storage. Primary storage refers to data that is kept in memory for fast retrieval by a computer's processor. Secondary storage is data placed on hard disk or tape to ensure backup and long-term retention.
A storage device may be a type of storage media, or a piece of storage hardware outfitted with storage media. For example, storage arrays decouple storage media from servers. Storage arrays incorporate electromechanical hard disk drives (HDDs), SSDs or a combination of each, attached to separate servers and networking.
Storage media can be arranged for access in many ways. Some well-known arrangements include:
redundant array of independent disks (RAID);
network-attached storage (NAS); and
storage area network (SAN).
SAN arrays initially were designed with HDDs, until the advent of all-flash arrays outfitted solely with SSDs. Hybrid flash arrays blend the two storage media in an integrated system, with disk providing a capacity tier alongside a faster tier of flash.
Explanation:
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