The electrons are found in shells or orbits that surround the nucleus of an atom
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus . They group in the center of the atom
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The electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest first ionization energy is francium.
<h3>What is ionization energy? </h3>
Ionization energy is defined as the minimum amount of energy required to remove the most loosely electron present in outermost shell.
<h3>Ionization energy across period</h3>
Ionization energy increase as we move from left to right in the period. This can be explained as when we move from left to right along period new electron is added to the same shell which increase the nuclear charge. Hence results int he decrease in size. Due to this decrease in size more energy is required to remove electron from outermost shell.
<h3>Ionization energy along group</h3>
Ionization energy decrease as we move from top to bottom along group. This can be explained as we move from top to bottom new electron is added to new shell. Due to addition of new shell the size of atom increases which results in the decrease in the nuclear charge. Due to this less amount of energy is needed to remove an electron.
Thus, we concluded that the electron configuration that belongs to the atom with the lowest first ionization energy is francium.
learn more about ionization energy:
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Answer:
(e) -6.1 J/K
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
- Heat of fusion of ice (ΔH°fus): 333.5 J/g
Step 2: Calculate the heat (Qfreezing) required to freeze 5.0 g of water
We will use the following expression.
Qfreezing = -ΔH°fus × m
Qfreezing = -333.5 J/g × 5.0 g = -1.7 × 10³ J
Step 3: Calculate the entropy change (ΔS°) at 0 °C (273.15 K) and 1 atm
We will use the following expression.
ΔS° = Qfreezing/T
ΔS° = -1.7 × 10³ J/273.15 K = -6.1 J/K
