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Answer</h2>
Bromination:
Any reaction or process in which bromine (and no other elements) are introduced into a molecule.
Bromonium Ion:
The bromonium ion is formed when alkenes react with bromine. When the π cloud of the alkene (acting as a nucleophile) approaches the bromine molecule (acting as an electrophile), the σ-bond electrons of Br2 are pushed away, resulting in the departure of the bromide anion.(2)
Mechanism:
Step 1:
In the first step of the reaction, a bromine molecule approaches the electron-rich alkene carbon–carbon double bond. The bromine atom closer to the bond takes on a partial positive charge as its electrons are repelled by the electrons of the double bond. The atom is electrophilic at this time and is attacked by the pi electrons of the alkene [carbon–carbon double bond]. It forms for an instant a single sigma bond to both of the carbon atoms involved (2). The bonding of bromine is special in this intermediate, due to its relatively large size compared to carbon, the bromide ion is capable of interacting with both carbons which once shared the π-bond, making a three-membered ring. The bromide ion acquires a positive formal charge. At this moment the halogen ion is called a "bromonium ion".
Step 2:
When the first bromine atom attacks the carbon–carbon π-bond, it leaves behind one of its electrons with the other bromine that it was bonded to in Br2. That other atom is now a negative bromide anion and is attracted to the slight positive charge on the carbon atoms. It is blocked from nucleophilic attack on one side of the carbon chain by the first bromine atom and can only attack from the other side. As it attacks and forms a bond with one of the carbons, the bond between the first bromine atom and the other carbon atoms breaks, leaving each carbon atom with a halogen substituent.
In this way the two halogens add in an anti addition fashion, and when the alkene is part of a cycle the dibromide adopts the trans configuration.
Answer:
Explanation:
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In this case, given the change in volume and pressure of the gas, it is possible for us to recall the Boyle's law as way to understand the inversely proportional relationship between pressure and volume:
Thus, when solving for the final pressure, P2, given the initial pressure and volume and the final volume, we obtain:
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The mass can be obtained from the molar mass when the number of moles is known.
<h3>What is molecular formular?</h3>
The molecular formlar is the formula of the compound that shows the number of atoms of each element that is present in the molecule. Asprin is a moecule that has the molecular formula C9H8O4.
To use the molecular formula to determine weight, we have to know the number of moles involved.
Mass = number of moles * molar mass.
Learn more about molar mass: brainly.com/question/12127540
Answer:
The pKa of Glu is
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The value of Glu is
The is mathematically represented as
substituting values
Answer:
a substrate is surface or material on or from an organism lives, grows, or obtains its nourishment.
Explanation:
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