Answer:
d. All red and blue chromosomes together make up a diploid set.
f. The chromosomes of one color make up a haploid set.
Explanation:
There are two principal types of cells in the organism:
- Somatic diploid cells (2n) reproduce by the process of mitosis and produce two diploid cells. These cells have a set of chromosomes inherited from the maternal side and another homologous set of chromosomes inherited from the paternal side. This is why the number of chromosomes in these double sets of the somatic cells is diploid, 2n.
- Germ diploid reproductive cells (2n) also reproduce by mitosis and produce two diploid cells. But can also reproduce by the process of meiosis, suffering a reduction in the number of chromosomes and producing four haploid cells (n).
Gametes are the product of germ cell division by meiosis and contain half the number of chromosomes that are in the somatic cells. They have only one set of chromosomes, n (haploid). Their destiny is to merge in the process of fecundation, during which a new diploid cell called the zygote emerges through fertilization. The zygote is a complete diploid cell that suffers successive mitosis and forms a new organism.
- So, through meiosis, the diploid germ cell (2n) produces four haploid cells (n) that are the gametes.
- Through fecundation or fertilization, two gametes (n) merge and produce a diploid cell (2n) that is the zygote.
In the example, red chromosomes belong to one gamete, and blue chromosomes belong to the other gamete, So
<em>a. Red chromosomes make up a diploid set. </em>False, they make up a haploid cell because they only are a single set of chromosomes.
<em>b. All red and blue chromosomes together make up a haploid set.</em> False. They come from two different gametes, which are haploid, so together they make up a diploid cell.
<em>c. Blue chromosomes make up a diploid set</em>. False, they make up a haploid cell because they only are a single set of chromosomes.
<em>d. All red and blue chromosomes together make up a diploid set</em>. TRUE. When both gametes merge (blue chromosomes + red chromosomes) they form a diploid cell.
<em>e. The chromosomes of one color make up a diploid set</em>. False. Nor red or blue chromosomes by themselves can make up a diploid cell, because they are a single set of chromosomes.
<em>f. The chromosomes of one color make up a haploid set. </em>TRUE. One gamete, with one single set of chromosomes, either red or blue, are haploid cells.
