Answer:
2) Isotopes
3) 10.
4) 5.
5) protons + neutrons
6) ions.
7) Ionic bond.
8) Gain and loss of electrons.
9) 2.
10) Electronegativity.
Explanation:
2) Isotopes, it means that atoms are of the same element, because they have the same number of protons (atomic number). But there will be some heavier than the other because they have different amounts of neutrons. The mass is = protons + neutrons.
3) 10. The Fluor has 10 neutrons because the mass is equal to protons (atomic number) + neutrons. Then 19 (mass) = 9 (atomic number - protons) + 10 (neutrons)
4) 5. Boron has 5 protons because the atomic number is equal to the number of protons.
5)The appproximate mass of an atom is the number of protons plus neutrons. It is in the nucleus of the atom.
6) ions. When an atom is neutral its protons and electrons are in the same amount (they are canceled to zero). Whereas when the atoms have different charges, it means that they have more or less electrons than protons, that is, the negative charges are not canceled but give another value. If there are more protons than electrons, the atom's charge will be positive and that ion is called a cation. If there are more electrons than protons, the atom's charge will be negative and that ion is called anion.
7) Ionic bond. Chlorine has an electronegativity of 3.16 and sodium one of 0.93. It means that chlorine has a greater ability to attract electrons. As the subtraction of these two values is> 1.7. It means that the link between the two is ionic.
8) Gain and loss of electrons. Unlike covalent bonds, electrons do not share electrons in an ionic bond, but there is an element that earns them (is negatively charged = anion) and an element that yields them (is negatively charged = cation)
9) 2. According to the electronic configuration. In the first energy level, the sublevel "s" can only have 2 electrons.
10) Electronegativity. What determines the type of bonds is electronegativity, that is, the ability to attract electrons that have a certain atom. Generally, metals have less electronegativity, so they can give their electrons easier. With nonmetals the opposite occurs. And if there are two elements with electronegativity differences <1.7 they will share electrons.
