They aren't actually placed into the atom, they surround it in the "electron cloud" but if you add electrons, the charge of your atom becomes negative. If your remove them, the charge becomes positive
Hard water contains high levels of minerals such as magnesium and calcium and can be a real pain to remove if left untreated. When hard water is boiled in an electric kettle, these minerals do not evaporate like the water does but instead remains in the kettle.
Since 9500 mL of lemonade equals 9.5 liters, that means that Tony has 4.5 liters left, because 9.5 + 4.5 = 14