Answer:

Explanation:
v = Orbital speed = 130 km/s
d = Diameter = 16 ly
r = Radius = 
G = Gravitational constant = 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ m³/kgs²

As the centripetal force balances the gravitational energy we have the following relation

Mass of the the massive object at the center of the Milky Way galaxy is 
The Doppler effect is a change in the frequency of sound waves that occurs when the source of the sound waves is moving relative to a stationary listener. As the source of sound waves approaches a listener, the sound waves get closer together, increasing their frequency and the pitch of the sound.
I’m hope this help
12-15 billion years i think
That will depend on the coefficient of friction between the sliding surfaces, and also on Zak's weight. We don't have any of that information.