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Explanation:
A covalent bond is defined as the occurrence of a bond due to the sharing of electrons between the combining atoms.
Atomic number of hydrogen atom is 1 and its electronic configuration is . So, in order to complete its octet it needs to gain or mutually shares one electron.
A covalent bond is generally formed between non-metal atoms.
Thus, we can conclude that hydrogen has only one electron that will be involved in the formation of a covalent bond.
The change in internal energy (ΔΕ) of a system : -8 kJ
<h3>Further explanation </h3>The laws of thermodynamics 1 state that: energy can be changed but cannot be destroyed or created
The equation is:
Energy owned by the system is expressed as internal energy (U)
This internal energy can change if it absorbs heat Q (U> 0), or releases heat (U <0). Or the internal energy can change if the system does work or accepts work (W)
The sign rules for heat and work are set as follows:
• The system receives heat, Q +
• The system releases heat, Q -
• The system does work, W -
• the system accepts work, W +
5 kJ of work is done on the system : W = +5 kJ
releases 13 kJ of energy to the surroundings : Q = -13 kJ
Rubidium is an element that belongs to Group 1. As such it will have physical properties similar to the other Group 1 elements. Rubidium is below Potassium in the periodic table but above Cesium. As such it would be most like one of those two elements.
