Greenhouse effect is the process of trapping sun radiation in the earth surface, so as to make the planet warm. It is a natural phenomenon in which sun rays that enters the earth surface are re-radiated into the earth surface causing the heat trap in the earth.
In similar manner, green house also trap radiation inside the glass house. The sun rays once reach inside the glass house, strike on plants and objects and reflected back. For entire radiation to escape from the green house, the heat flow between the two points must be proportional to the temperature difference and thermal conductivity. The glass of which the green house are made up, have low thermal conductivity. So, temperature must rise inside glass house so to maintain the heat flow rate of incoming and outgoing radiation.
The green house glass are insulated and they trap the infrared emitted by the objects inside the green house from escaping outside. Since the infrared have longer wave lengths, it is released slowly.
Also, the thermal energy inside the glass house are transferred by convection process. But the glass walls and roof act as insulator, keeping the radiant energy from escaping outside the green house.<span />
Answer:
Scientists seek to eliminate all forms of bias from their research. However, all scientists also make assumptions of a non-empirical nature about topics such as causality, determinism and reductionism when conducting research. Here, we argue that since these 'philosophical biases' cannot be avoided, they need to be debated critically by scientists and philosophers of science.
Explanation:
Scientists are keen to avoid bias of any kind because they threaten scientific ideals such as objectivity, transparency and rationality. The scientific community has made substantial efforts to detect, explicate and critically examine different types of biases (Sackett, 1979; Ioannidis, 2005; Ioannidis, 2018; Macleod et al., 2015). One example of this is the catalogue of all the biases that affect medical evidence compiled by the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine at Oxford University (catalogueofbias.org). Such awareness is commonly seen as a crucial step towards making science objective, transparent and free from bias.
Two or more different elements
Answer:
91.16% has decayed & 8.84% remains
Explanation:
A = A₀e⁻ᵏᵗ => ln(A/A₀) = ln(e⁻ᵏᵗ) => lnA - lnA₀ = -kt => lnA = lnA₀ - kt
Rate Constant (k) = 0.693/half-life = 0.693/10³yrs = 6.93 x 10ˉ⁴yrsˉ¹
Time (t) = 1000yrs
A = fraction of nuclide remaining after 1000yrs
A₀ = original amount of nuclide = 1.00 (= 100%)
lnA = lnA₀ - kt
lnA = ln(1) – (6.93 x 10ˉ⁴yrsˉ¹)(3500yrs) = -2.426
A = eˉ²∙⁴²⁶ = 0.0884 = fraction of nuclide remaining after 3500 years
Amount of nuclide decayed = 1 – 0.0884 = 0.9116 or 91.16% has decayed.
