Answer:
Ricardo’s Theory of Comparative Advantage
Explanation:
Comparative advantage is the term used to define the ability of an individual, firm or country to produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost than that if it’s competitors or trade partners. Opportunity cost is the benefit lost from the second best alternative.
When a country can produce a product more efficiently (i.e maximum output using minimum resources) than that of its trade partners, it is known as that it has absolute advantage in that product. India tends to have absolute advantage in both business processes outsourcing as well as producing agricultural commodities as it is mentioned that it can produce both of these more efficiently than the United States.
However, although it has absolute advantage in both, it is still less efficient in producing agricultural commodities when compared to business process outsourcing. In other words, if it attempts to produce agricultural commodities in-house, the benefit lost from the second best alternative: business process outsourcing is high. The opportunity cost is higher when it produces agricultural commodities than it is when it does business process outsourcing. Hence, due to the law of comparative advantage, it chooses to specialize in business process outsourcing and imports agricultural commodities.
Answer: it can produce that good using fewer resources than its trading partner
Explanation:
A country has an absolute advantage in the production of a good when such country can produce the good using fewer resources than another country.
Absolute advantage can be due to the natural endowment of a country. For example, let's say Japan uses 2 hours in producing a good while Brazil uses 5 hours in producing such good. Then, it can be deduced that Japan has an absolute advantage over Brazil.
