The following represents a lab set up for heat transfer. The cup on the left started with boiling water at 100 degrees C and the cup on the right has water at 20 degrees C. There is an aluminum bar between the two cups allowing heat to transfer from one cup into the other. The set up will be left alone for 20 minutes and temperatures of each cup of water will be recorded every minute for 20 minutes.
The boiling point of aqueous solutions depend on the nature of intermolecular interactions present. KBr will yield an ionic solution but NH3 will yield a molecular solution having hydrogen bonds. The degree of hydrogen bonding in the aqueous solution will further increase with the concentration of the solution.
Remember that experimental data shows that hydrogen bonds are strong bonds that lead to a significant increase in the boiling point of solutions. Hence 0.1M NH3 solution will have a higher boiling point due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the solution.
<span>Based on the experience of the responder, to correctly calculate measurements in real-world. Firstly is to avoid errors as much as possible. Errors are what makes your measurement invalid and unreliable. There are two types of error which is called the systematic error and the random error. Each error has different sources. Words that were mentioned –invalid and unreliable are very important key aspects to determine that your measure is truly accurate and consistent. Some would recommend using the mean method, doing three trials in measuring and getting their mean, in response to this problem.</span>
