Answer: the electrons remain around the atomic nuclei due to the existence of a positive charge on the nuclei that, of course, atract the negative charged electrons. The protons are the paricles in the nuclei that hold the positive charge.
Justification:
First, I wish to explaing the sense of the question. The question arises because given that the electrons have negative electric charge how is that they do not repeal each other to the point that they end leaving the nucleous of the atom alone.
This is you know that equal charges repel each other, so how is it that the electrons stand around the nucleous instead of separateing and levaing the atomic nucleous alone.
The answer is due to the existence of a positive charge on the nuclei that, of course, atract the negative charged electrons. That positive charge is the protons.
The protons are particles in the atomic nuclei that are positive charged and they exert the right attractive force upon the electrons to permit them stay in the orbitals (regions of the space around the nuclei of the atoms where the electrons are found).
Ernest Rutherford
J. J Thomson
Explanation:
<u>Ernest Rutherford</u>
In 1911, Ernest Rutherford, a New Zealand chemist performed the gold foil experiment where he gave the modelling of the atom a boost.
Experiment
In his experiment, he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles generated from a radioactive source. He found that most of the alpha particles passed through the gold foil while a few of them were deflected back.
Discovery and reflection on the atomic theory
To account for his observation, Rutherford suggested an atomic model in which an atom has small positively charged center where nearly all the mass is concentrated.
<u>J. J Thomson</u>
Experiment
In 1897 J.J Thomson performed experiments using the gas discharge tube that led to the discovery of the electrons. He called them cathode rays because they originate from the cathode and exits at the anode.
Discovery and reflection on the atomic theory
From his experiment on the gas discharge tube, Thomson was able determine the properties of cathode rays some of which are:
- they move in a straight line
- they possess kinetic energy
- they attract positive charges and repels negative charges
Using his observation, he proposed the plum pudding model of the atom where it is made up of entirely electrons.
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Answer: The answer to the first one is the second option and the answer for the second one is the first option.
Explanation:
