Answer:
For NADH; P:O = 2.5
For FADH
₂; P : O = 1.5
Explanation:
The P:O (phosphate:oxygen) ratio represents the amount of inorganic phosphate, Pi used per atom of oxygen consume to synthesize ATP.
The Chemiosmotic theory predicts H⁺:O and H⁺:ATP ratios. Experimentally these appear to be 10 and 4 respectively when NADH is the substrate, equivalent to a P:O ratio of 2.5, and 6 and 4 respectively for FAD-linked substrates (e.g. succinate), equivalent to a P:O ratio of 1.5.
1. Electron flow from NADH to O₂ pumps protons at three sites to yield 3 ATP (P:O = 2.5)
For NADH: 10 H
⁺ translocated/O (2e
-)
ATP/2e
- = (10 H⁺/ 4 H
+) = 2.5
2. Succinate (via FADH2) bypasses site 1 giving 2 ATP (P : O = 1.5)
For FADH
₂= 6 H
⁺/O(2e
-
)
ATP/2e
- = (6 H
+/ 4 H
+) = 1.5
Answer:
<h3><u>
<em>The board should be placed at about an 80-88 degrees angle. </em></u></h3>
<u><em>Explanation:</em></u>
<u><em>This will speed the car up and increase its speed as going down the ramp.</em></u>
