Answer:
The physical states that are represented by each graph region are the liquid and the solid, the highest temperature is the liquid and as it freezes it becomes a solid. The particles change because when it's a liquid, it isn't that compact it's just spreading smootly but as it freezes the atoms start to stick together and become compact.
Explanation:
Hope that made sense!
Substitution Reactions are those reactions in which one nucleophile replaces another nucleophile present on a substrate. These reactions can take place via two different mechanism i.e SN¹ or SN². In SN¹ substitution reactions the leaving group leaves first forming a carbocation and nucleophile attacks carbocation in the second step. While in SN² reactions the addition of Nucleophile and leaving of leaving group take place simultaneously.
Example:
OH⁻ + CH₃-Br → CH₃-OH + Br⁻
In above reaction,
OH⁻ = Incoming Nucleophile
CH₃-Br = Substrate
CH₃-OH = Product
Br⁻ = Leaving group
Organic reactions are typically slower than ionic reactions because in organic compounds the covalent bonds are first broken, this breaking of bonds is a slower step, while, in ionic compounds no bond breakage is required as it consists of ions, so only bond formation takes place which is a quicker and fast step.
S phase. To produce 2 similar daughter cells, the complete DNA instructions in the cell must be duplicated. its also called the Synthesis Phase.
