I would say the last one because unlike beta and alpha rays they will have no effect on the mass or atomic number because they are just composed of high energy radiation
Answer:
The lithosphere is made up of pieces of tectonic plates. These plates are constantly changing and move towards the mantle. Non-stop movement of tectonic plates causes stress on the earth's outermost layer i.e,the crust. When these stresses extends it leads to cause cracks called faults.
Explanation:
