Explanation:
Suppose you want to shine a flashlight beam down a long, straight hallway. Just point the beam straight down the hallway -- light travels in straight lines, so it is no problem. What if the hallway has a bend in it? You could place a mirror at the bend to reflect the light beam around the corner. What if the hallway is very winding with multiple bends? You might line the walls with mirrors and angle the beam so that it bounces from side-to-side all along the hallway. This is exactly what happens in an optical fiber.
The light in a fiber-optic cable travels through the core (hallway) by constantly bouncing from the cladding (mirror-lined walls), a principle called total internal reflection. Because the cladding does not absorb any light from the core, the light wave can travel great distances.
However, some of the light signal degrades within the fiber, mostly due to impurities in the glass. The extent that the signal degrades depends on the purity of the glass and the wavelength of the transmitted light (for example, 850 nm = 60 to 75 percent/km; 1,300 nm = 50 to 60 percent/km; 1,550 nm is greater than 50 percent/km). Some premium optical fibers show much less signal degradation -- less than 10 percent/km at 1,550 nm.
1
Answer:
In most cases, the sources of information for both levels are same as follows:
Verbal or personal contacts : This information is transferred through verbal method. ...
Different media: Media is one of the best sources of information in these days.
Explanation:
Answer:
Explained below:
Explanation:
Water quality is determined in terms of the physical, chemical and biological content of water. The quality of water of lakes and rivers variates with the seasons and also geographic areas, still in the absence of pollution. There are so many factors which affect water quality are as follows :
Pesticides
Temperature
Runoff
Sedimentation
Erosion
pH
Dissolved oxygen
Pesticides
Litter and rubbish
Decayed organic materials
Toxic and hazardous substances
Oils, grease, and other chemicals
Answer:
Telescope
Explanation:
Telescope is usually defined as an optical instrument that is commonly used to observe the objects in a magnified way that are located at a large distance from earth. These telescopes are comprised of lenses and curved mirrors that are needed to be arranged in a proper way in order to have a prominent look. It is commonly used by the astronomers.
This was first constructed by Hans Lippershey in the year 1608.
